![]() However, the disadvantages of low dye exhaustion percentage and fixation efficiency, especially weak light fastness, hinder its wide application 13, 14, 15. The natural dyes not only color but also provide beneficial properties to the textiles 11, 12, such as antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, and UV resistance. With an increase in the concern on environmental issues, the use of natural dyes for textile coloration has recently increased owing to their biodegradability and compatibility with the environment 8, 9, 10. However, the synthetic dyes and auxiliaries present in dyeing wastewater discharged into the environment cause toxic and allergic reactions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 to creatures, resulting in adverse effects on the ecosystem. Synthetic dyes are commonly used for the coloration of textiles owing to their huge hues and easy application. Overall, this study provides a good background for enhancing the industrialization trend of natural dyes by modulating their dyeing scheme. Particularly, colorfastness to washing confirmed the stability of natural dyes with reference to the lower amount of dyes released into the effluent, which is beneficial for the environment. Finally, color uniformity and colorfastness tests confirmed the vital contribution of natural dyes toward wool yarn coloration. The dyeing results of wool yarns dyed with binary and ternary natural dye mixtures (a color triangle framework of dyed wool yarn) were characterized by colorimetric values (L*, a*, b*, C*, h, and K/S), and are presented to enlighten various colorful shades. The results of wool yarn dyeing with a single natural dye show that the dye exhaustion percentage (E%) of MR, GY, and GB was in the ranges of 78.7–94.1%, 13.4–44.1%, and 54.8–68.5%, respectively. Then, the dyeing behavior was systematically evaluated, including a single natural dye, a binary natural dye mixture, and a ternary natural dye mixture. In the beginning, a preliminary assessment of dye stabilities was carried out, and it was found that the three natural dyes were sensitive to temperature and acid (degradation tendency). In this study, a sustainable dyeing approach for wool yarn was evaluated with three natural dyes, madder red (MR), gardenia blue (GB), and gardenia yellow (GY), by following an industrial dyeing procedure in the absence of a mordant. The present work aims to prepare more color shades of wool yarns via dyeing with ternary natural dye mixtures without adding mordants. The color limitation of natural dyes hinders their application in textiles. Second Witch: Cool it with a baboon’s blood, Then the charm is firm and good.Natural materials, especially natural colorants, have achieved global prominence and might be regarded as an environmentally beneficial alternative to hazardous synthetic dyes. ![]() Scale of dragon, tooth of wolf, Witches’ mummy, maw and gulf Of the ravin’d salt-sea shark, Root of hemlock digg’d i’ the dark, Liver of blaspheming Jew, Gall of goat, and slips of yew Silver’d in the moon’s eclipse, Nose of Turk and Tartar’s lips, Finger of birth-strangled babe Ditch-deliver’d by a drab, Make the gruel thick and slab: Add thereto a tiger’s chaudron, For the ingredients of our cauldron.Īll:Double, double toil and trouble Fire burn and cauldron bubble. Second Witch: Fillet of a fenny snake, In the cauldron boil and bake Eye of newt and toe of frog, Wool of bat and tongue of dog, Adder’s fork and blind-worm’s sting, Lizard’s leg and owlet’s wing, For a charm of powerful trouble, Like a hell-broth boil and bubble.Īll: Double, double toil and trouble Fire burn and cauldron bubble. Toad, that under cold stone Days and nights has thirty-one Swelter’d venom sleeping got, Boil thou first i’ the charmed pot.Īll Double, double toil and trouble Fire burn, and cauldron bubble. Here’s the full speech:įirst Witch: Round about the cauldron go In the poison’d entrails throw. ![]() So what are all these ingredients really? Let’s look. ![]() A plant like buttercup, which has many medical properties (and can also be poisonous) would also be known as blisterweed or bachelor’s buttons or … toe of frog. In herbal lore, which was a huge deal in Shakespeare’s day, and continues to be a pursuit for many in the modern world, popular herbs with magical or medical properties weren’t known by a single name. ![]()
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